Felipe Arrese Beitiaren poesia eta euskaldunen nazio identitatea

El poema "Ama euskeriari azken agurrak" de Felipe Arrese Beitia es clave en la construcción de la identidad nacional de los vascos de finales del siglo XIX. En el presente trabajo se estudia el ama euskeria (madre euskera) del poema como representación del volksgeist o genio del pueblo.Felipe Arrese Beitia's poem "Ama euskeraren azken agurrak" (The Farewell of Mother Basque language) is a key work in the building of the nationalidentity of Basque people at the end of the 19th century. In this paper the amaeuskara (Mother Basque language) in Arrese's poem is examined as the representation of the Volksgeist or folk spirit of Basque people.Le poème "Ama euskeriari azken agurrak" de Felipe Arrese Beitia est un élément clé dans la construction de l'identité nationale des basques de la fin du XIXème siècle. On étudie dans ce travail la ama euskeria (mère euskera) du poème comme représentation du volksgeist ou génie du peuple.Felipe Arrese Beitia's poem "Ama euskeraren azken agurrak" (The Farewell of Mother Basque language) is a key work in the building of the national identity of Basque people at the end of the 19th century. In this paper the ama euskara (Mother Basque language) in Arrese's poem is examined as the representation of the Volksgeist or folk spirit of Basque people

An efficient hardware architecture for a neural network activation function generator

This paper proposes an efficient hardware architecture for a function generator suitable for an artificial neural network (ANN). A spline-based approximation function is designed that provides a good trade-off between accuracy and silicon area, whilst also being inherently scalable and adaptable for numerous activation functions. This has been achieved by using a minimax polynomial and through optimal placement of the approximating polynomials based on the results of a genetic algorithm. The approximation error of the proposed method compares favourably to all related research in this field. Efficient hardware multiplication circuitry is used in the implementation, which reduces the area overhead and increases the throughput

Conformational steering in dicarboxy acids: the native structure of succinic acid

Succinic acid, a dicarboxylic acid molecule, has been investigated spectroscopically with computational support to elucidate the complex aspects of its conformational composition. Due to the torsional freedom of the carbon backbone and hydroxy groups, a large number of potentially plausible conformers can be generated with an indication that the gauche conformer is favored over the trans form. The microwave and millimeter wave spectra have been analyzed and accurate spectroscopic constants have been derived that correlate best with those of the lowest energy gauche conformer. For an unambiguous conformational identification measurements were extended to the monosubstituted isotopologues, precisely determining the structural properties. Besides bond distances and angles, particularly the dihedral angle has been determined to be 67.76(11)°, confirming the anomalous tendency of the methylene units to favor gauche conformers when a short aliphatic segment is placed between two carbonyl groups.Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation/CTQ2011-22923Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation/CGL2011-2244

Managing and resisting ‘degeneration’ in employee-owned businesses: a comparative study of two large retailers in Spain and the UK

Employee-owned businesses have recently enjoyed a resurgence of interest as possible ‘alternatives’ to the somewhat tarnished image of conventional investor-owned capitalist firms. Within the context of global economic crisis, such alternatives seem newly attractive. This is somewhat ironic because, for more than a century, academic literature on employee-owned businesses has been dominated by the ‘degeneration thesis’. This suggested that these businesses tend towards failure – they either fail commercially, or they relinquish their democratic characters. Bucking this trend and offering a beacon - especially in the UK - has been the commercially successful, co-owned enterprise of the John Lewis Partnership (JLP) whose virtues have seemingly been rewarded with favourable and sustainable outcomes. This paper makes comparisons between JLP and its Spanish equivalent Eroski – the supermarket group which is part of the Mondragon cooperatives. The contribution of this paper is to examine in a comparative way how the managers in JLP and Eroski have constructed and accomplished their alternative scenarios. Using longitudinal data and detailed interviews with senior managers in both enterprises it explores the ways in which two large, employee-owned, enterprises reconcile apparently conflicting principles and objectives. The paper thus puts some new flesh on the ‘regeneration thesis’

Literatura eta mezenasgoa XVI eta XVII. mendeetako Euskal Herri Penintsularrean: Mikoletaren "Vuestra Merced"-en aitzakiaz

Micoleta dirigió a "Vuestra Merced" su capítulo "Modo de la vizcayna poesia y sus versos". Con el pretexto de este destinatario, se analiza la relación entre la literatura y poesía vasca peninsular de los siglos XVI y XVII y el mecenazgo a la luz de los criterios metodológicos de Bourdieu.Mikoletak "Vuestra Merced" delako bati zuzendu zion bere "Modo de la vizcayna poesia y sus versos" atala. Hartzaile horren aitzakiaz XVI eta XVII. mendeetako euskal literatura eta poesia penintsularraren eta mezenasgoaren arteko harremana arakatu da Bourdieuren irizpide metodologikoen gidarit zapean.Micoleta adressa à "Vuestra Merced" son chapitre "Modo de la vizcayna poesia y susversos". En prenant comme prétexte ce destinataire, on analyse la relation entre la littérature et la poésie basque péninsulaire des XVIème et XVIIème siècles et le mécénat à la lumière des critères méthodologiques de Bourdieu.Mikoleta dedicated his section entitled "Modo de la vizcayna poesia ysus versos" [Form of Biscayan poetry and it s verses] to an individual addressedas "Vuestra Merced" [Your Worship]. On the pretext of the person to whom thework was dedicated, research on the relationship between 16th and 17th centuryPeninsular Basque literature and poetry, on the one hand, and it s patronage, onthe other, has been conducted under the guidance of Bourdieu's methodologicalcriteria